India’s decrease home of parliament on Wednesday handed a sweeping on-line gaming invoice that, whereas selling esports and informal gaming with out financial stakes, imposes a blanket ban on real-money video games — threatening to disrupt billions of {dollars} in funding and considerably affect the real-money gaming business, which might see widespread shutdowns.
Titled the Promotion and Regulation of On-line Gaming Invoice, 2025, the laws goals to ban real-money video games nationwide — whether or not primarily based on ability or probability — and ban each their commercial and related monetary transactions, as TechCrunch reported earlier primarily based on its draft model.
“On this invoice, precedence has been given to the welfare of society and to keep away from an enormous evil that’s creeping into society,” India’s IT minister Ashwini Vaishnaw mentioned in Parliament whereas introducing the invoice.
The proposed laws restricts banks and different monetary establishments from permitting transactions for real-money video games within the nation. Anybody providing these video games might face imprisonment for as much as three years, a advantageous of as much as ₹10 million (roughly $115,000), or each. Moreover, celebrities selling such video games on any media platform may very well be accountable for as much as two years of imprisonment or a advantageous of ₹5 million (roughly $57,000), the invoice states.
Vaishnaw mentioned the choice to carry the laws was to deal with a number of incidents of hurt, together with circumstances the place people reportedly died by suicide after dropping cash in video games. Nonetheless, business stakeholders largely attribute these incidents to offshore betting and playing apps, which many consider is not going to be addressed by this laws.
“This regulation is certain to face litigation because it fails the take a look at of proportionality underneath Article 19(1)(g),” mentioned Meghna Bal, director of the New Delhi-based suppose tank Esya Centre. “As an alternative of safeguarding customers, it dismantles compliant onshore firms whereas opening the door wider for unlawful offshore betting platforms which might be the actual supply of economic hurt.”
Article 19(1)(g) of India’s Structure ensures residents the suitable to observe any career or stick with it any occupation, commerce, or enterprise.
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Forward of the invoice’s introduction within the Indian Parliament, business our bodies wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday night, urging him to intervene. The letter — despatched by the Federation of Indian Fantasy Sports activities, All India Gaming Federation, and E-Gaming Federation, a duplicate of which was reviewed by TechCrunch — warned that the proposed laws may benefit “unlawful offshore playing operations” whereas forcing Indian companies to close down. These business our bodies characterize Dream Sports activities, MPL, WinZO, Gameskraft, Nazara Applied sciences, and Zupee, amongst different real-money gaming firms.
“By shutting down regulated and accountable Indian platforms, it would drive [millions] of gamers into the palms of unlawful matka networks, offshore playing web sites, and fly-by-night operators who function with none safeguards, shopper protections, or taxation,” the letter acknowledged. (Matka is a type of unlawful playing that originated in India, involving betting on random numbers.)
The three business our bodies estimated that real-money gaming startups in India have a mixed enterprise valuation of ₹2 trillion (roughly $23 billion), generate cumulative revenues of ₹310 billion (round $3.6 billion), and contribute ₹200 billion (roughly $2.29 billion) yearly in direct and oblique taxes. Additionally they venture a 28% compound annual progress price that may double the business’s dimension by 2028. The business teams warned that the blanket ban might consequence within the lack of greater than 200,000 jobs and the closure of over 400 firms.
An analogous letter was additionally written to Indian House Minister Amit Shah by these three business associations. Some Indian and international traders are additionally calibrating their response, an individual acquainted with the matter instructed TechCrunch. The supply didn’t wish to be named, because the plans aren’t but public.
Publicly listed Nazara Applied sciences, which has beforehand invested in real-money gaming platforms together with PokerBaazi and Basic Rummy, noticed its share value fall 12.84% on Wednesday to shut at ₹1,220 (about $14). The corporate, nonetheless, earlier clarified in a inventory change submitting (PDF) that it has “no direct publicity” to real-money gaming companies and that these platforms don’t contribute to its revenues primarily based on its newest reported financials.
Nazara Applied sciences’ Inventory value on WednesdayPicture Credit:Google Finance
Dream Sports activities and MPL, two of the highest real-money gaming startups, declined to remark, whereas WinZO, one other widespread real-money startup, didn’t reply.
The invoice was handed by voice vote in a loud decrease home lower than seven minutes after it was launched for debate. It now requires approval from the higher home and the president to turn out to be regulation.
In the meantime, some firms in informal gaming and esports have welcomed the transfer.
“We applaud this determination because it permits us to give attention to the continued issues as a enterprise — monetization, retention, and most significantly, constructing nice IP for India and the world, quite than having to elucidate to our audiences what we’re to start with,” mentioned Sumit Batheja, CEO and co-founder of Ginger Video games, which is a part of Krafton’s Indian gaming incubator and makes hyper informal video games.
Krafton is the South Korean gaming firm behind the favored battle royale recreation PUBG.
I welcome the Govt’s determination to ban Actual Cash Gaming & set up a powerful regulatory framework. 🇮🇳
Too many younger lives had been being misplaced to habit & debt.
This decisive step safeguards our youth whereas unlocking the way forward for Indian gaming — pushed by authentic IP,…
— Vishal Gondal (@vishalgondal) August 20, 2025
Akshat Rathee, co-founder and managing director of esports firm NODWIN Gaming, whose largest shareholder is Nazara Applied sciences, mentioned the regulation must have clear distinctions between esports, on-line gaming, on-line social gaming, and on-line cash gaming which might be clearly outlined and uniformly understood.
“The absence of exact definitions has typically led to ambiguity and conflation across the time period ‘esports.’ Such overlaps can create confusion not only for regulators, but additionally for gamers, groups, traders, and organizers who’re working laborious to construct this business,” he acknowledged.
Bal additionally instructed TechCrunch that the invoice “decimates esports,” as an authority arrange by the Indian authorities would resolve the validity of esports.
“The affect goes past actual cash gaming to the broader ecosystem of companies that depend upon it and certainly presents grave implications for the AVGC [Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming, and Comics] sector as a complete,” she mentioned.
In 2023, the Indian authorities amended the Info Know-how (Middleman Tips and Digital Media Ethics Code) Guidelines, 2021, to curb “person hurt” from real-money video games and proposed self-regulatory our bodies to restrict unlawful betting and playing whereas permitting respectable video games. Nonetheless, the self-regulation method faltered on account of conflicts amongst business stakeholders over enforcement and requirements.
New Delhi imposed a 28% tax on on-line gaming in 2023 to curb real-money play, prompting an outcry from business stakeholders. Prime traders — together with Tiger International, Peak XV Companions, and Kotak — urged Modi to rethink, warning of $2.5 billion in write-offs and the potential lack of a million jobs. The tax, nonetheless, remained in place, whilst firms challenged its retrospective utility within the Supreme Courtroom. Current reviews recommend it might be revised upward to 40% underneath new guidelines.
Rohit Kumar, a founding accomplice of the New Delhi-based public coverage agency The Quantum Hub, instructed TechCrunch that the actual downside with the brand new invoice is an absence of due course of.
“Regulation is critical, however abrupt strikes like this undermine India’s repute as a steady, predictable funding vacation spot. If issues existed, the federal government ought to have signaled them clearly from the outset,” he mentioned.
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